Experimental fully contextual correlations

Quantum correlations are contextual yet, in general, nothing prevents the existence of even more contextual correlations. We identify and test a noncontextuality inequality in which the quantum violation cannot be improved by any hypothetical postquantum theory, and use it to experimentally obtain correlations in which the fraction of noncontextual correlations is less than 0.06. Our correlations are experimentally generated from the results of sequential compatible tests on a four-state quantum system encoded in the polarization and path of a single photon.Comment: REVTeX4, 6 pages, 3 figure

Directed Graph Representation of Half-Rate Additive Codes over GF(4)

We show that (n,2^n) additive codes over GF(4) can be represented as directed graphs. This generalizes earlier results on self-dual additive codes over GF(4), which correspond to undirected graphs. Graph representation reduces the complexity of code classification, and enables us to classify additive (n,2^n) codes over GF(4) of length up to 7. From this we also derive classifications of isodual and formally self-dual codes. We introduce new constructions of circulant and bordered circulant directed graph codes, and show that these codes will always be isodual. A computer search of all such codes of length up to 26 reveals that these constructions produce many codes of high minimum distance. In particular, we find new near-extremal formally self-dual codes of length 11 and 13, and isodual codes of length 24, 25, and 26 with better minimum distance than the best known self-dual codes.Comment: Presented at International Workshop on Coding and Cryptography (WCC 2009), 10-15 May 2009, Ullensvang, Norway. (14 pages, 2 figures

Erfaringer med å overføre syke eldre pasienter fra sykehus til kommune

Bakgrunn: Det er store utfordringer knyttet til bedring av samhandlingen mellom første- og andrelinjetjenesten i helsevesenet. Denne studien er et ledd i et utviklingsprosjekt for å belyse kontaktflater og bedre kvaliteten rundt overføringen av syke eldre fra sykehus til kommune. Utskrivingsprosessen fra sykehus til kommunehelsetjenesten er en sentral oppgave for sykepleiere på begge tjenestenivå. Hensikt: Hensikten har vært å identifisere faglige og organisatoriske forhold som er problematiske i forbindelse med overføring av pasienter og gi innspill som kan bedre og sikre samhandling og kommunikasjon mellom sykehus og kommune. Metode: Materialet består av tre fokusgruppeintervjuer av i alt tolv sykepleiere fra Haukeland Universitetssykehus og Bergen kommune, samt supplerende data fra journalgransking av sykepleieopplysninger fra 67 pasienter ved tre sengeposter ved Haukeland Universitetssykehus. Resultater: Kontaktflaten mellom de to tjenestenivåene framsto som uorganisert når det gjaldt vurdering av pasientens funksjonsnivå, hjelpebehov og forventninger til det andre tjenestenivået. På tross av at samhandlingen var strukturert gjennom avtaler, skjedde vurderinger ut fra en delvis løsrevet oppfatning om pasientens beste. Sykepleiernes fleksibilitet og faglige skjønn bidro til at overføringen oftest fungerte. Konklusjon: Kommunikasjonslinjene var ofte ineffektive, og forhandlingene mellom systemene ble tilspisset mot helg. Det er behov for å styrke helhetstenkningen slik at både de administrative, faglige og verdimessige utfordringene for å bedre samhandlingen mellom nivåene utvikles

Deficits in Beam-Walking After Neonatal Motor Cortical Lesions are not Spared by Fetal Cortical Transplants in Rats

Adult rats that sustained unilateral motor cortical lesions at birth demonstrated deficits in traversing an elevated narrow beam. These deficits, manifested by hindlimb slips off the edge of the beam, were not spared in animals that received fetal cortical transplants into the lesion cavity immediately after lesion placement

Distributions of Beryllium 7 and Lead 210, and Soluble Aerosol-Associated Ionic Species Over the Western Pacific: PEM West B, February - March 1994

Aerosol sampling for the determination of the concentrations of soluble ionic species and the natural radionuclides Be-7 and Pb-210 was conducted from the NASA DC-8 over the western Pacific as part of GTE/PEM-West B during February - March 1994. Concentrations of most soluble ionic species in the free troposphere were higher in samples collected on flights originating from Hong Kong and Japan than those collected further east over the open ocean. In both regions the measured concentrations were higher than those found during PEM-West A (fall 1991). Activities of Pb-210, a tracer of air masses influenced by sources on the Asian continent, showed the same patterns. These data indicate the effect of stronger continental outflow from Asia over the western Pacific during the spring compared to fall season. For readily scavenged aerosol-associated species and soluble acidic gases the strongest indications of Asian outflow were restricted to altitudes below 6 km. The distribution of the continental tracer Pb-210 was also compared to those of a large number of gas phase species measured on the DC-8. Relatively strong correlations were found with O3, and peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), but only during the flights over the remote Pacific. During PEM-West A, similar correlations were seen, but they were stronger near Asia. We believe that correlations are a signature of continental air that has been processed by deep wet convection over land before being advected over the ocean. One flight over the Sea of Japan provided the opportunity to sample upper troposphere/lower stratosphere air in and around a tropopause fold. Concentrations of Be-7 reached 7 pCi/cu m STP, and peak O3, mixing ratios of 480 ppb were encountered at 10.7 km. The Be-7 data are used to estimate the fraction of stratospheric air mixed down into the troposphere by circulation in the fold

Cervical collagen and biomechanical strength in non-pregnant women with a history of cervical insufficiency

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been suggested that cervical insufficiency (CI) is characterized by a "muscular cervix" with low collagen and high smooth muscle concentrations also in the non-pregnant state. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties, collagen concentration, smooth muscle cell density, and collagen fiber orientation in cervical biopsies from non-pregnant women with a history of CI.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cervical punch biopsies (2 × 15 mm) were obtained from 57 normal non-pregnant women and 22 women with a history of CI. Biomechanical tensile testing was performed, and collagen content was determined by hydroxyproline quantification. Histomorphometry was used to determine the volume densities of extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cells from the distal to the proximal part of each sample. Smooth muscle cells were identified using immunohistoche-mistry. Finally, collagen fiber orientation was investigated. Data are given as mean +/- SD.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Collagen concentration was lower in the CI group (58.6 +/- 8.8%) compared with the control group (62.2 +/- 6.6%) (p = 0.033). However, when data were adjusted for age and parity, no difference in collagen concentration was found between the two groups. Maximum load of the specimens did not differ between the groups (p = 0.78). The tensile strength of cervical collagen, i.e. maximum load normalized per unit collagen (mg of collagen per mm of specimen length), was increased in the CI group compared with controls (p = 0.033). No differences in the volume density of extracellular matrix or smooth muscle cells were found between the two groups. Fibers not oriented in the plane of sectioning were increased in CI patients compared with controls.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Cervical insufficiency does not appear to be associated with a constitutionally low collagen concentration or collagen of inferior mechanical quality. Furthermore, the hypothesis that a "muscular cervix" with an abundance of smooth muscle cells contributes to the development of cervical insufficiency is not supported by the present study.</p

Dancing with diabetes

Bacheloroppgave sykepleie 2013Bakgrunn: Ut fra våre erfaringer mener vi at diabetes type 1 er en aktuell sykdom. Norsk forskning fra 2012 bekrefter dette, med 32 tilfeller per 100 000 barn som får diagnosen hvert år (Frøisland, Årsand og Skårderud, 2012). Det er viktig at barn med kroniske sykdommer får god veiledning umiddelbart etter sykdomsdebut, for å gi barnet gode rutiner og trygghet i forhold til sykdommen (Grønseth og Markestad, 2009). Hensikt: Hvordan kan sykepleiere veilede et barn til å forstå betydningen av riktig kosthold, og hvordan kan barnet selv påvirke blodglukosen. Metode: Litteraturstudie med bruk av case. Problemstilling: Hvordan kan sykepleiere veilede et barn på 12 år, i sykehus, med nyoppdaget diabetes type 1 til å mestre ernæring i dagliglivet? Sammendrag: God veiledning tilpasset barnets behov og psykologiske utvikling er med på å påvirke mestring og god egenomsorg av sykdommen. Dette fører til økt velvære og mindre risiko for senkomplikasjoner